PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.